Zaleplon vs. Diazepam: side effect and effectiveness comparison - a phase IV clinical study
Summary:
We compare the side effects and drug effectiveness of Zaleplon and Diazepam. The phase IV clinical study is created by eHealthMe based on reports (from sources including the FDA) of 137,870 people who take Zaleplon and Diazepam, and is updated regularly. You can use the study as a second opinion to make health care decisions.
Phase IV trials are used to detect adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness in the real world. With medical big data and AI algorithms, eHealthMe is running millions of phase IV trials and makes the results available to the public. Our original studies have been referenced on 600+ medical publications including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature.
On Jun, 16, 2022
137,870 people who take Zaleplon and Diazepam are studied.
What is Zaleplon?
Zaleplon has active ingredients of zaleplon. It is often used in insomnia. eHealthMe is studying from 1,532 Zaleplon users for its effectiveness, alternative drugs and more.
What is Diazepam?
Diazepam has active ingredients of diazepam. It is often used in stress and anxiety. eHealthMe is studying from 89,765 Diazepam users for its effectiveness, alternative drugs and more.
Number of reports submitted per year:
Drugs being compared in this study:
- Diazepam (diazepam)
- Zaleplon (zaleplon)
Most common side effects of the drugs, overall:
Most common side effects of the drugs, in long term (1+ years) use:
Drug effectiveness:
Zaleplon:
- not at all: 6.11 %
- somewhat: 31.3 %
- moderate: 32.06 %
- high: 24.43 %
- very high: 6.11 %
Diazepam:
- not at all: 3.31 %
- somewhat: 21.19 %
- moderate: 35.9 %
- high: 24.37 %
- very high: 15.23 %
Want to compare Zaleplon with Diazepam?
Personalize this study to your gender and age (0-99+).How to use the study?
You can discuss the study with your doctor, to ensure that all drug risks and benefits are fully discussed and understood.
Related studies
Alternative drugs to, pros and cons of:
Common Zaleplon side effects:
- Drug ineffective: 152 reports
- Nausea (feeling of having an urge to vomit): 106 reports
- Stress and anxiety: 108 reports
Common Diazepam side effects:
- Abasia (inability to walk): 306 reports
- Abdominal discomfort: 662 reports
- Abdominal distension: 697 reports
- Abdominal pain: 1,363 reports
- Abdominal pain lower: 101 reports
- Abdominal pain upper: 1,184 reports
- Abdominal tenderness: 123 reports
- Abnormal behavior: 710 reports
- Abnormal dreams: 404 reports
- Abscess (pus): 143 reports
- Accident: 184 reports
- Accidental death: 166 reports
- Accidental overdose (therapeutic agent): 1,004 reports
- Acidosis (build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood): 144 reports
- Acne (skin problems that cause pimples): 109 reports
- Activities of daily living impaired: 225 reports
- Acute hepatic failure: 130 reports
- Acute kidney failure: 1,614 reports
- Acute myocardial infarction (acute heart attack): 157 reports
- Acute respiratory failure: 134 reports
- Acute upper airway obstruction (blockage occurs in the upper airway): 126 reports
- Adverse drug reaction: 258 reports
- Adverse event: 181 reports
- Affect lability (emotional incontinence): 114 reports
- Aggression: 1,403 reports
- Agitation (state of anxiety or nervous excitement): 2,709 reports
- Agoraphobia (extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places): 170 reports
- Agranulocytosis (a deficiency of granulocytes in the blood, causing increased vulnerability to infection): 775 reports
- Akathisia (a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness): 301 reports
- Alanine aminotransferase increased: 629 reports
- Alcohol interaction: 117 reports
- Alcoholism (problems with alcohol): 318 reports
- Alcohol poisoning: 160 reports
- Altered state of consciousness (altered state of mind): 343 reports
- Anaemia (lack of blood): 1,206 reports
- Anaphylaxis (serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death): 286 reports
- Anger: 535 reports
- Angioedema (rapid swelling of the dermis): 115 reports
- Anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable): 435 reports
- Ankle fracture: 153 reports
- Anorexia (eating disorder characterized by immoderate food restriction and irrational fear of gaining weight): 270 reports
- Antipsychotic drug level increased: 135 reports
- Aortic arteriosclerosis (hardening of the aortic arteries): 114 reports
- Apathy: 259 reports
- Appetite - decreased (decreased appetite occurs when you have a reduced desire to eat): 1,627 reports
- Appetite - increased (increased appetite is when you want to eat much more often or in larger quantities than your body requires): 294 reports
- Ards (acute respiratory distress syndrome) (sudden failure of the respiratory (breathing) system): 187 reports
- Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat): 1,663 reports
- Arteriosclerosis coronary artery (thickening and hardening of arteries- coronary artery): 186 reports
- Arthritis (form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints): 496 reports
- Arthropathy: 308 reports
- Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity): 158 reports
- Aseptic necrosis (the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply): 224 reports
- Aspartate aminotransferase increased: 472 reports
- Asphyxia (a condition in which there is an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body): 245 reports
- Aspiration: 312 reports
- Asthma: 444 reports
- Atelectasis (partial or complete collapse of the lung): 221 reports
- Atherosclerosis (disorder of the arteries): 227 reports
- Atrial fibrillation/flutter (atrial fibrillation and flutter are abnormal heart rhythms in which the atria, or upper chambers of the heart, are out of sync with the ventricles): 567 reports
- Atrial septal defect (an abnormal opening between the left and right atria of the heart): 160 reports
- Atrioventricular block complete (heart block complete): 114 reports
- Back disorder: 172 reports
- Back pain: 2,039 reports
- Bacterial infection: 122 reports
- Balance disorder: 958 reports
- Bedridden: 186 reports
- Bipolar disorder (mood disorder): 146 reports
- Birth control: 125 reports
- Bladder disorder: 123 reports
- Bleeding disorders: 134 reports
- Blindness: 199 reports
- Blister (small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure): 431 reports
- Blood albumin decreased: 124 reports
- Blood alkaline phosphatase increased: 203 reports
- Blood bilirubin increased: 272 reports
- Blood calcium decreased: 170 reports
- Blood creatine phosphokinase increased: 615 reports
- Blood creatinine increased: 552 reports
- Blood glucose decreased: 124 reports
- Blood glucose increased: 641 reports
- Blood lactate dehydrogenase increased: 189 reports
- Blood magnesium decreased: 120 reports
- Blood ph decreased: 104 reports
- Blood potassium decreased: 254 reports
- Blood pressure fluctuation: 194 reports
- Blood pressure management: 133 reports
- Blood pressure systolic increased: 103 reports
- Blood sodium decreased: 268 reports
- Blood urea increased: 305 reports
- Blood urine present: 169 reports
- Body temperature increased: 196 reports
- Bone density decreased: 225 reports
- Bone disorder: 386 reports
- Bone pain: 329 reports
- Bradycardia (abnormally slow heart action): 690 reports
- Bradyphrenia (neurological term referring to the slowness of thought common to many disorders of the brain): 192 reports
- Bradypnea: 182 reports
- Brain oedema (excess accumulation of fluid in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain): 317 reports
- Breast cancer: 149 reports
- Breathing difficulty: 3,300 reports
- Breathing - slowed or stopped: 1,468 reports
- Broken bone: 193 reports
- Bronchitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes): 552 reports
- Bronchospasm (spasm of bronchial smooth muscle producing narrowing of the bronchi): 117 reports
- Burning sensation: 456 reports
- Bursitis (inflammation of a bursa, typically one in the knee, elbow, or shoulder): 107 reports
- Cardiac arrest: 2,021 reports
- Cardiac disorder: 536 reports
- Cardiac failure: 445 reports
- Cardiac failure congestive: 392 reports
- Cardiac murmur (an heart sound in valve abnormality): 181 reports
- Cardiogenic shock (inadequate circulation of blood): 143 reports
- Cardiomyopathy (weakening of the heart muscle): 260 reports
- Cardio-respiratory arrest (sudden dysfunction of heart and lungs): 1,354 reports
- Carpal tunnel syndrome (nerve compression at wrist results numbness weakness, pain , swelling): 167 reports
- Cataract (clouding of the lens inside the eye): 307 reports
- Catatonia (unresponsive to external stimuli): 172 reports
- Cellulitis (infection under the skin): 430 reports
- Central nervous system lesion (an abnormality in tissue of brain or spinal cord): 117 reports
- Cerebral atrophy (decrement in size of brain): 112 reports
- Cerebral haemorrhage (bleeding within the brain): 155 reports
- Cerebral infarction (less blood supply to brain resulting tissue damage): 154 reports
- Chest pain: 1,993 reports
- Chills (felling of cold): 676 reports
- Cholecystitis (infection of gallbladder): 192 reports
- Cholestasis (a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum): 195 reports
- Chronic kidney disease: 1,730 reports
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe): 540 reports
- Circulatory collapse: 266 reports
- Cognitive disorder (mental health disorders affects learning, memory, perception, and problem solving): 439 reports
- Cogwheel rigidity (tension in a muscle which gives way in little jerks when the muscle is stretched): 127 reports
- Colitis (inflammation of colon): 135 reports
- Completed suicide (act of taking one's own life): 4,143 reports
- Condition: 1,825 reports
- Confusion: 916 reports
- Confusional state: 2,305 reports
- Congenital nystagmus (involuntary eye movement of eye present by birth): 107 reports
- Conjunctivitis (pink eye): 152 reports
- Consciousness - decreased: 1,748 reports
- Constipation: 1,760 reports
- Convulsion (muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body): 1,040 reports
- Coronary artery occlusion (complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery): 115 reports
- Coronary heart disease (narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries): 265 reports
- Cough: 1,264 reports
- Coughing up blood: 247 reports
- C-reactive protein increased: 363 reports
- Crohn's disease (condition that causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract): 195 reports
- Crying: 398 reports
- Cuts and puncture wounds: 184 reports
- Cyst (a closed sac): 108 reports
- Death: 3,324 reports
- Decreased activity: 101 reports
- Decreased interest: 181 reports
- Deep venous thrombosis (blood clot in a major vein that usually develops in the legs and/or pelvis): 492 reports
- Dehydration (dryness resulting from the removal of water): 1,067 reports
- Delirium (wild excitement): 804 reports
- Delusion (a false belief or opinion): 407 reports
- Dementia (madness): 135 reports
- Dental caries: 182 reports
- Dependence: 157 reports
- Depressed level of consciousness: 1,110 reports
- Depressed mood: 741 reports
- Depression: 3,116 reports
- Dermatitis (inflammation of the skin resulting from direct irritation by an external agent or an allergic reaction to it): 253 reports
- Developmental delay: 179 reports
- Diabetes: 740 reports
- Diabetes mellitus inadequate control: 172 reports
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) is high concentrations of ketone bodies): 200 reports
- Diarrhea: 3,080 reports
- Difficulty in walking: 124 reports
- Diplopia (double vision): 258 reports
- Disability: 184 reports
- Discomfort: 232 reports
- Disease progression: 223 reports
- Disease recurrence: 184 reports
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (systemic activation of blood coagulation): 152 reports
- Dissociation: 196 reports
- Disturbance in attention: 1,013 reports
- Diverticulitis (digestive disease which involves the formation of pouches (diverticula) within the bowel wall): 140 reports
- Diverticulum (out pouching of a hollow (or a fluid-filled) structure in the body): 130 reports
- Dizziness: 3,797 reports
- Drooling (drop saliva uncontrollably from the mouth): 198 reports
- Drowsiness: 3,230 reports
- Drug abuse and dependence: 4,827 reports
- Drug administration error: 136 reports
- Drug dependence: 1,569 reports
- Drug diversion: 122 reports
- Drug effect decreased: 348 reports
- Drug eruption (adverse drug reaction of the skin): 106 reports
- Drug exposure during pregnancy: 340 reports
- Drug hypersensitivity: 819 reports
- Drug-induced liver injury (diseases of the liver that are caused by physician-prescribed medications): 133 reports
- Drug ineffective: 5,069 reports
- Drug intolerance (drug sensitivity): 326 reports
- Drug level increased: 278 reports
- Drug resistance (reduction in effectiveness of a drug): 120 reports
- Drug screen positive: 225 reports
- Drug toxicity: 1,082 reports
- Drug withdrawal syndrome (interfere with normal social, occupational, or other functioning. are not due to another medical condition, drug use, or discontinuation): 1,542 reports
- Drug withdrawal syndrome neonatal (prenatal nas is caused by discontinuation of drugs taken by the pregnant mother): 201 reports
- Dry eyes (lack of adequate tears): 189 reports
- Dry mouth: 777 reports
- Dry skin: 256 reports
- Dyskinesia (abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement): 677 reports
- Dyspnea exertional: 201 reports
- Dysstasia (difficulty in standing): 189 reports
- Ear pain: 216 reports
- Eating disorder: 242 reports
- Eczema (patches of skin become rough and inflamed, with itching and bleeding blisters): 215 reports
- Electrocardiogram qt prolonged: 662 reports
- Electrolyte imbalance: 160 reports
- Emotional disorder: 424 reports
- Emotional distress: 764 reports
- Emphysema (chronic respiratory disease - over inflation of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs): 190 reports
- Encephalopathy (functioning of the brain is affected by some agent or condition): 417 reports
- Enlarged heart: 320 reports
- Eosinophil count increased: 104 reports
- Epilepsy (common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures): 407 reports
- Erection problems: 304 reports
- Erythema multiforme (a type of hypersensitivity reaction): 668 reports
- Euphoric mood (excessively happy but may become angry or irritable): 142 reports
- Extrapyramidal disorder (involuntary muscle spasms in the face and neck): 305 reports
- Eye disorder: 164 reports
- Eye irritation: 111 reports
- Eye movement disorder: 106 reports
- Eye movements - uncontrollable: 279 reports
- Eye pain: 336 reports
- Eye swelling: 141 reports
- Face oedema (swelling of face): 132 reports
- Facial pain: 120 reports
- Faecal incontinence (a lack of control over passing stool): 117 reports
- Faeces discolored: 101 reports
- Fainting (loss of consciousness and postural tone): 970 reports
- Fall: 3,335 reports
- Fatigue (feeling of tiredness): 4,780 reports
- Fear: 321 reports
- Febrile neutropenia (fever with reduced white blood cells): 155 reports
- Feeding disorder (when children refuse to eat certain food groups): 125 reports
- Feeling cold: 257 reports
- Feeling drunk: 122 reports
- Feeling hot: 354 reports
- Feeling jittery: 236 reports
- Feeling of body temperature change: 119 reports
- Feeling of despair: 134 reports
- Femur fracture: 198 reports
- Fever: 2,765 reports
- Fibromyalgia (a long-term condition which causes pain all over the body): 320 reports
- Fistula (an abnormal connection or passageway between two): 115 reports
- Flatulence (flatus expelled through the anus): 267 reports
- Fluid retention (an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the blood): 165 reports
- Foetal exposure during pregnancy (exposing your unborn child to contraindicated in pregnancy leads birth defect): 618 reports
- Foot deformity (functional disability of foot): 107 reports
- Foot fracture: 222 reports
- Fungal infection: 152 reports
- Gait disturbance: 1,699 reports
- Gallbladder disorder: 103 reports
- Gallstones (stone formation by bile component): 431 reports
- Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased: 293 reports
- Gastric disorder (disease of stomach): 248 reports
- Gastric ulcer (stomach ulcer): 290 reports
- Gastritis (inflammation of stomach): 340 reports
- Gastroenteritis (inflammation of stomach and intestine): 144 reports
- Gastroenteritis viral (inflammation of stomach and intestine caused by virus infection): 109 reports
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (a condition in which stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the oesophagus): 654 reports
- Gastrointestinal disorder (functional problems of gastrointestinal tract): 329 reports
- Gastrointestinal haemorrhage (bleeding gastrointestinal tract): 437 reports
- Generalized anxiety disorder (excessive, uncontrollable, unexplained and often irrational worry): 208 reports
- General physical health deterioration (weak health status): 679 reports
- Gingival bleeding (bleeding gums): 198 reports
- Glaucoma (increased fluid pressure in the eye with vision loss): 152 reports
- Grand mal convulsion (a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain): 303 reports
- Haematemesis (vomiting of blood): 281 reports
- Haematochezia (passage of stools containing blood): 230 reports
- Haematocrit decreased: 165 reports
- Haematoma (collection of blood outside the blood vessels): 183 reports
- Haematuria (presence of blood in urine): 186 reports
- Haemoglobin decreased: 698 reports
- Haemorrhage (bleeding): 501 reports
- Haemorrhoids (a swollen vein or group of veins in the region of the anus): 195 reports
- Hair loss: 837 reports
- Hallucination, auditory (perceiving sounds without auditory stimulus): 367 reports
- Hallucinations (sensations that appear real but are created by your mind): 994 reports
- Hallucinations, mixed (sensations that appear real but are created by your mind -mixed): 139 reports
- Hallucination, visual (seeing things that aren't there): 250 reports
- Headache (pain in head): 3,724 reports
- Head discomfort: 116 reports
- Head injury: 1,299 reports
- Hearing loss: 129 reports
- Heart attack: 859 reports
- Heart disease: 132 reports
- Heart palpitations (feelings or sensations that your heart is pounding or racing): 1,144 reports
- Heart rate decreased: 252 reports
- Heart rate increased: 979 reports
- Heart rate irregular: 279 reports
- Hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body): 198 reports
- Hepatic cirrhosis (chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue): 125 reports
- Hepatic enzyme increased: 327 reports
- Hepatic failure (liver failure): 277 reports
- Hepatic necrosis (large portions of liver die off due to severe liver disease): 126 reports
- Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease): 384 reports
- Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver): 203 reports
- Hepatitis c: 155 reports
- Hepatocellular injury (liver injury): 138 reports
- Hepatomegaly (abnormal enlargement of the liver): 219 reports
- Hepatotoxicity (chemical-driven liver damage): 250 reports
- Hernia (hernia happens when part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle): 158 reports
- Herpes zoster: 254 reports
- Hiatal hernia (hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm): 270 reports
- High blood cholesterol: 692 reports
- High blood pressure: 2,743 reports
- Hip fracture: 162 reports
- Hoarseness or changing voice: 369 reports
- Homicidal ideation (thoughts about human killing another human): 102 reports
- Hospitalisation: 300 reports
- Hot flush (sudden feelings of heat): 370 reports
- Hypercalcaemia (elevated calcium (ca+) level in the blood): 120 reports
- Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar): 297 reports
- Hyperhidrosis (abnormally increased sweating): 1,726 reports
- Hyperkalemia (damage to or disease of the kidney): 474 reports
- Hyperlipidaemia (presence of excess lipids in the blood): 235 reports
- Hyperparathyroidism secondary (an abnormally high concentration of parathyroid hormone in the blood, resulting in weakening of the bones through loss of calcium-secondary): 159 reports
- Hypersensitivity: 656 reports
- Hyperthyroidism (over activity of the thyroid gland): 172 reports
- Hypertonia (abnormal increase in muscle tension and a reduced ability of a muscle to stretch): 139 reports
- Hyperventilation: 111 reports
- Hypoacusis (loss of hearing): 172 reports
- Hypoaesthesia (reduced sense of touch or sensation): 1,342 reports
- Hypoaesthesia oral (reduced sense of touch or sensation in mouth): 185 reports
- Hypocalcaemia (levels of calcium in blood serum are abnormally low): 107 reports
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): 387 reports
- Hypokalemia (low potassium): 555 reports
- Hypokinesia (decreased bodily movement): 188 reports
- Hypomania (a mild form of mania, marked by elation and hyperactivity): 183 reports
- Hyponatremia (abnormally low level of sodium in the blood; associated with dehydration): 618 reports
- Hypophagia (reduced food intake): 243 reports
- Hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure): 2,657 reports
- Hypothermia (body temperature drops below the required temperature for normal metabolism and body functions): 324 reports
- Hypothyroidism (abnormally low activity of the thyroid gland, resulting in retardation of growth and mental development): 253 reports
- Hypotonia (low muscle tone): 235 reports
- Hypoventilation (too shallow or too slow breathing, which does not meet the needs of the body): 128 reports
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (chronic lung disease): 108 reports
- Ileus paralytic (obstruction of the intestine due to paralysis of the intestinal muscles): 104 reports
- Ill-defined disorder: 282 reports
- Impaired driving ability: 128 reports
- Impaired healing: 279 reports
- Impaired work ability: 132 reports
- Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: 151 reports
- Incoherent (talking in a confused and unclear way): 135 reports
- Incontinence (lack of moderation or self-control): 238 reports
- Indigestion: 635 reports
- Infection: 568 reports
- Inflammation: 244 reports
- Influenza like illness: 535 reports
- Infusion related reaction: 147 reports
- Initial insomnia (feeling of inadequate or poor-quality sleep): 133 reports
- Injection site bruising: 110 reports
- Injection site erythema (redness at injection site): 201 reports
- Injection site haemorrhage (bleeding from injection site): 118 reports
- Injection site pain: 399 reports
- Injection site reaction: 152 reports
- Injury: 828 reports
- Insomnia (sleeplessness): 2,885 reports
- Intentional overdose: 1,315 reports
- Intentional self-injury: 548 reports
- International normalised ratio increased: 180 reports
- Interstitial lung disease: 146 reports
- Interstitial nephritis (inflammation of the kidney): 194 reports
- Intervertebral disc degeneration (spinal disc degeneration): 244 reports
- Intervertebral disc protrusion (spinal disc protrusion): 333 reports
- Intestinal obstruction: 263 reports
- Iron deficiency anaemia: 165 reports
- Irritability: 842 reports
- Irritable bowel syndrome: 190 reports
- Itching: 1,245 reports
- Jaundice cholestatic: 113 reports
- Jaundice - yellow skin (a yellowish pigmentation of the skin): 268 reports
- Joint dislocation (a joint position is changed from normal position): 140 reports
- Joint injury: 125 reports
- Joint pain: 2,087 reports
- Joint stiffness: 159 reports
- Joint swelling: 568 reports
- Kidney stones: 287 reports
- Lactic acidosis (low ph in body tissues): 137 reports
- Left ventricular dysfunction: 136 reports
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (the thickening of the myocardium (muscle) of the left ventricle of the heart): 137 reports
- Leukocytosis (increased white blood cells): 210 reports
- Leukopenia (less number of white blood cells in blood): 278 reports
- Libido decreased (loss of interest in sex): 144 reports
- Limb discomfort (discomfort in leg): 167 reports
- Limb injury: 280 reports
- Lip swelling: 187 reports
- Liver disorder (liver diseases): 230 reports
- Liver injury: 115 reports
- Localised infection (infection at the single location): 137 reports
- Local swelling (swelling at the site of some application of substance or injury): 127 reports
- Logorrhea: 134 reports
- Loose tooth: 105 reports
- Loss of consciousness: 1,795 reports
- Lower limb fracture: 107 reports
- Lower respiratory tract infection: 412 reports
- Low tissue oxygen: 334 reports
- Lung disorder (lung disease): 271 reports
- Lung infiltration (a substance that normally includes fluid, inflammatory exudates or cells that fill a region of lung): 123 reports
- Lung neoplasm malignant (cancer tumour of lung): 106 reports
- Lymph follicular hypertrophy (an increase in the size of the lymph node follicles): 301 reports
- Lymphocyte count decreased: 266 reports
- Malaise (a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness): 2,937 reports
- Malignant neoplasm progression (cancer tumour came back): 174 reports
- Mania (a state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood): 343 reports
- Maternal drugs affecting foetus (chemical affecting the baby before birth taken by mother): 142 reports
- Maternal exposure during pregnancy (use of substance during pregnancy): 531 reports
- Melaena (the passage of black, tarry stools): 149 reports
- Memory loss: 2,181 reports
- Menstrual disorder (disease of menstrual cycle): 105 reports
- Mental disorder (a psychological term for a mental or behavioural pattern or anomaly that causes distress or disability): 568 reports
- Mental impairment (a condition affecting the body, perhaps through sight or hearing loss, a mobility difficulty or a health condition): 383 reports
- Mental status changes (general changes in brain function, such as confusion, amnesia (memory loss), loss of alertness, loss of orientation): 458 reports
- Metabolic acidosis (body produces too much acid, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body): 446 reports
- Metastases to bone (cancer spreads to bone): 139 reports
- Micturition urgency (urgency to pass the urine): 111 reports
- Middle insomnia (difficulty returning to sleep after awakening either in the middle of the night): 121 reports
- Migraine (headache): 760 reports
- Miosis (constriction of the pupil of the eye, resulting from a normal response to an increase in light): 320 reports
- Mitral valve incompetence (inefficient heart valve): 201 reports
- Mobility decreased (ability to move is reduced): 430 reports
- Monocyte count increased: 129 reports
- Mood swings (an extreme or rapid change in mood): 739 reports
- Mouth ulcers: 200 reports
- Movement disorder (neurological syndromes where they may be excess of movement or a paucity of movement that is not connected to weakness): 378 reports
- Movement - uncontrolled or slow: 407 reports
- Movement - uncoordinated: 409 reports
- Mucosal inflammation (infection of mucous membrane): 126 reports
- Multi-organ failure (multisystem organ failure): 309 reports
- Multiple drug overdose: 605 reports
- Multiple drug overdose intentional: 247 reports
- Multiple injuries: 133 reports
- Multiple sclerosis (a nervous system disease that affects your brain and spinal cord. it damages the myelin sheath): 415 reports
- Multiple sclerosis relapse (reoccurrence of a nervous system disease that affects your brain and spinal cord. it damages the myelin sheath): 588 reports
- Muscle aches (muscle pain): 1,154 reports
- Muscle atrophy (a decrease in the mass of the muscle): 167 reports
- Muscle disorder (muscle disease): 163 reports
- Muscle function loss: 209 reports
- Muscle rigidity (muscle stiffness): 405 reports
- Muscle spasms (muscle contraction): 1,599 reports
- Muscle spasticity (tight or stiff muscles and an inability to control those muscles): 202 reports
- Muscle strain (an injury to a muscle in which the muscle fibres tear): 112 reports
- Muscle tightness: 192 reports
- Muscle twitching: 331 reports
- Musculoskeletal chest pain (pain in chest muscle or nerve or bones): 170 reports
- Musculoskeletal discomfort (discomfort in the body's muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves): 113 reports
- Musculoskeletal pain (pain affects the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves): 480 reports
- Musculoskeletal stiffness (stiffness of the body's muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves): 612 reports
- Mydriasis (a dilation of the pupil): 333 reports
- Myocardial ischaemia (the blood flow through one or more of the blood vessels that lead to heart (coronary arteries) is decreased): 163 reports
- Myocarditis (inflammation of heart muscle myocardium): 132 reports
- Myoclonus (a brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles): 247 reports
- Nasal congestion (blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels): 248 reports
- Nasopharyngitis (inflammation of the nasopharynx): 679 reports
- Nausea (feeling of having an urge to vomit): 4,540 reports
- Nausea and vomiting: 3,048 reports
- Neck pain: 609 reports
- Neoplasm malignant (cancer tumour): 171 reports
- Nephrogenic anaemia (anaemia due to kidney disease): 242 reports
- Nerve injury: 126 reports
- Nervousness: 571 reports
- Nervous system disorder (a general class of medical conditions affecting the nervous system): 272 reports
- Neuralgia (pain in one or more nerves): 251 reports
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (a life-threatening neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic agents): 694 reports
- Neuropathy peripheral (surface nerve damage): 565 reports
- Neutrophil count decreased (less than normal number of neutrophil a type of blood cell): 229 reports
- Neutrophil count increased (excess than normal number of neutrophil a type of blood cell): 344 reports
- Nightmares (unpleasant dreams): 844 reports
- Night sweats (sweating in night): 276 reports
- Non-accidental overdose: 245 reports
- Nosebleed (bleeding from nose): 365 reports
- Numbness and tingling (unusual prickling sensations): 226 reports
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry;): 139 reports
- Obstructive airways disorder (a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe): 139 reports
- Ocular hyperaemia (an abnormally large amount of blood in eye): 107 reports
- Oedema (fluid collection in tissue): 374 reports
- Oedema peripheral (superficial swelling): 1,031 reports
- Oesophagitis (inflammation of oesophagus): 108 reports
- Oral candidiasis (fungal infection of mouth): 123 reports
- Oral discomfort (pain or irritation in mouth): 145 reports
- Oral pain: 168 reports
- Oropharyngeal pain: 368 reports
- Orthostatic hypotension (a medical condition consisting of a sudden decrease in blood pressure when a person stands up): 182 reports
- Osteoarthritis (a joint disease caused by cartilage loss in a joint): 570 reports
- Osteomyelitis (infection of bone): 274 reports
- Osteonecrosis of jaw (death of bone of jaw): 306 reports
- Osteopenia (a condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal): 227 reports
- Osteoporosis (bones weak and more likely to break): 414 reports
- Otitis (ear infection): 144 reports
- Overdose: 3,672 reports
- Oxygen saturation decreased: 445 reports
- Pain: 3,846 reports
- Pain in extremity: 1,818 reports
- Pain in jaw: 253 reports
- Paleness (unusual lightness of skin colour): 308 reports
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of pancreas): 347 reports
- Pancreatitis acute (sudden inflammation of pancreas): 152 reports
- Pancytopenia (medical condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets): 267 reports
- Panic disorder: 908 reports
- Panic reaction: 158 reports
- Paraesthesia (sensation of tingling, tickling, prickling, pricking, or burning of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect): 1,587 reports
- Paranoia (psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution with or without grandeur): 459 reports
- Parkinson's disease: 343 reports
- Parosmia (distortion of the sense of smell, as in smelling odours that are not present): 123 reports
- Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: 138 reports
- Pericardial effusion (fluid around the heart): 152 reports
- Peripheral coldness: 109 reports
- Peripheral swelling: 633 reports
- Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs): 113 reports
- Personality change: 170 reports
- Personality disorder: 120 reports
- Pharyngeal oedema (abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cavities and intercellular spaces of the pharyngeal): 121 reports
- Pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx, causing a sore throat): 123 reports
- Photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light): 164 reports
- Photosensitivity reaction: 137 reports
- Physical assault: 132 reports
- Platelet count increased: 126 reports
- Pleural effusion (water on the lungs): 400 reports
- Pneumonia: 2,459 reports
- Pneumonia aspiration (bronchopneumonia that develops due to the entrance of foreign materials into the bronchial tree): 634 reports
- Pneumothorax (the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung): 125 reports
- Poisoning: 911 reports
- Poisoning deliberate: 361 reports
- Pollakiuria (abnormally frequent passage of relatively small quantities or urine): 369 reports
- Poor quality sleep: 365 reports
- Post procedural complication: 188 reports
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: 137 reports
- Pre-existing condition improved: 148 reports
- Premature baby: 391 reports
- Premature delivery: 231 reports
- Premature labor: 161 reports
- Pressure ulcer: 117 reports
- Presyncope: 134 reports
- Procedural pain: 135 reports
- Productive cough: 200 reports
- Pruritus generalised (generalized itching): 146 reports
- Psoriasis (immune-mediated disease that affects the skin): 278 reports
- Psoriatic arthropathy (inflammation of the skin and joints with kin condition which typically causes patches (plaques) of red, scaly skin to develop): 129 reports
- Psychiatric symptom: 127 reports
- Psychomotor hyperactivity (feelings of extreme restlessness): 232 reports
- Psychotic disorder: 899 reports
- Pulmonary congestion (congestion in the lungs): 422 reports
- Pulmonary embolism (blockage of the main artery of the lung): 749 reports
- Pulmonary hypertension (increase in blood pressure in the lung artery): 215 reports
- Pulmonary mass: 132 reports
- Pulmonary oedema (fluid accumulation in the lungs): 747 reports
- Quality of life decreased: 128 reports
- Rash erythematous (redness of the skin): 257 reports
- Rashes (redness): 2,223 reports
- Rash macular (small, flat red spots): 171 reports
- Rash maculo-papular (red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps): 127 reports
- Rash pruritic (redness with itching): 183 reports
- Rectal haemorrhage (bleeding from anus): 353 reports
- Red blood cell count decreased: 227 reports
- Renal cyst (kidney cyst): 124 reports
- Renal disorder (kidney disease): 283 reports
- Renal failure acute (rapid kidney dysfunction): 463 reports
- Renal failure chronic (long lasting kidney dysfunction): 128 reports
- Renal impairment (severely reduced kidney function): 554 reports
- Renal injury (kidney injury): 515 reports
- Renal tubular necrosis (death of kidney tubules): 117 reports
- Respiratory acidosis (respiratory failure or ventilatory failure, causes the ph of blood and other bodily fluids to decrease): 748 reports
- Respiratory depression (respiration has a rate below 12 breaths): 820 reports
- Respiratory disorder (respiratory disease): 340 reports
- Respiratory distress (difficulty in breathing): 285 reports
- Respiratory rate decreased (less breathing rate/min): 119 reports
- Respiratory rate increased (excess breathing rate/min): 117 reports
- Respiratory tract infection: 168 reports
- Restless leg syndrome (a powerful urge to move your legs): 307 reports
- Retching (strong involuntary effort to vomit): 118 reports
- Rhabdomyolysis (a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down): 714 reports
- Rheumatoid arthritis (a chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints): 250 reports
- Rhinitis (a medical term for irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose): 143 reports
- Rib fracture: 263 reports
- Rickets (softening of bones): 147 reports
- Road traffic accident: 488 reports
- Rotator cuff syndrome (a spectrum of conditions affecting the rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder): 222 reports
- Salivary hypersecretion (excess saliva secretion): 340 reports
- Scar: 209 reports
- Schizophrenia (a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes): 406 reports
- Scoliosis (a medical condition in which a person's spine is curved from side to side): 136 reports
- Sedation: 899 reports
- Seizures (abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain): 1,282 reports
- Self injurious behavior: 133 reports
- Self-injurious ideation: 143 reports
- Sensory disturbance (sense disturbance): 272 reports
- Sepsis (a severe blood infection that can lead to organ failure and death): 814 reports
- Septic shock (shock due to blood infection): 352 reports
- Serotonin syndrome (occurs when two drugs that affect the body's level of serotonin are taken together at the same time): 700 reports
- Shock (a life-threatening condition with symptoms like low blood pressure, weakness, shallow breathing, cold, clammy skin): 184 reports
- Sinus bradycardia (an unusually slow heartbeat due to heart disease): 178 reports
- Sinus disorder (disease of sinus): 141 reports
- Sinusitis (inflammation of sinus): 666 reports
- Sinus tachycardia (a heart rhythm with elevated rate of impulses originating from the sinoatrial node): 429 reports
- Skin blushing/flushing (a sudden reddening of the face, neck): 469 reports
- Skin burning sensation: 118 reports
- Skin - clammy: 159 reports
- Skin discoloration: 292 reports
- Skin discoloration - bluish (bluish colour of skin): 292 reports
- Skin disorder (skin disease): 206 reports
- Skin exfoliation (removal of the oldest dead skin cells): 208 reports
- Skin ulcer: 142 reports
- Sleep apnea syndrome: 319 reports
- Sleep disorder: 993 reports
- Sleep walking (walking during sleep): 161 reports
- Small for dates baby (an unborn baby is growing more slowly and is smaller than most babies are at the same age): 243 reports
- Snoring: 183 reports
- Social avoidant behavior: 198 reports
- Sopor (sleep): 492 reports
- Speech disorder: 781 reports
- Speech impairment (adult) (inability to speak (adult)): 1,324 reports
- Spinal disorder (disease of spine a back bone): 105 reports
- Spinal fracture (fracture in one of vertebrae): 130 reports
- Spinal osteoarthritis (joint cartilage loss in spine): 275 reports
- Splenomegaly (enlargement of spleen): 133 reports
- Stable angina (a constant chest pain): 205 reports
- Staphylococcal infection (an infection with staphylococcus bacteria): 349 reports
- Status epilepticus (a life-threatening condition in which the brain is in a state of persistent seizure): 441 reports
- Stomatitis (inflammation of mucous membrane of mouth): 286 reports
- Strabismus (a disorder in which the two eyes do not line up in the same direction): 140 reports
- Stress and anxiety: 4,458 reports
- Stroke (sudden death of a portion of the brain cells due to a lack of oxygen): 660 reports
- Stupor (lack of critical cognitive function and level of consciousness): 127 reports
- Suicidal behavior: 169 reports
- Suicidal ideation: 2,140 reports
- Suicide attempt: 1,809 reports
- Surgery: 245 reports
- Swallowing difficulty: 845 reports
- Sweating increased (excess sweating): 119 reports
- Swelling: 507 reports
- Swelling face: 469 reports
- Swollen tongue (swelling of tongue): 316 reports
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (an autoimmune disease, which means the body's immune system mistakenly, attacks healthy tissue): 131 reports
- Tachypnea: 205 reports
- Tardive dyskinesia (a disorder that involves involuntary movements): 254 reports
- Taste - impaired: 352 reports
- Tearfulness (excess tearing): 219 reports
- Tenderness (pain or discomfort when an affected area is touched): 125 reports
- The flu (the flu is caused by an influenza virus): 561 reports
- Therapeutic agent toxicity (poisoning by ability to cure substance): 125 reports
- Therapeutic response decreased (less preventive response): 166 reports
- Therapeutic response unexpected: 276 reports
- Thirst: 140 reports
- Throat irritation: 142 reports
- Throat tightness: 140 reports
- Thrombocytopenia (decrease of platelets in blood): 944 reports
- Thrombocytosis: 131 reports
- Thrombosis (formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel): 289 reports
- Thyroid diseases: 131 reports
- Tinnitus (a ringing in the ears): 500 reports
- Tooth abscess (pus formation in tooth): 224 reports
- Toothaches (tooth pain): 203 reports
- Tooth disorder (tooth disease): 261 reports
- Tooth extraction: 231 reports
- Transient ischaemic attack (a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow)): 311 reports
- Tremor (trembling or shaking movements in one or more parts of your body): 2,354 reports
- Tricuspid valve incompetence (inefficient heart valve): 145 reports
- Tumor: 169 reports
- Type 2 diabetes: 302 reports
- Unresponsive to stimuli: 434 reports
- Upper limb fracture: 132 reports
- Upper respiratory tract infection: 330 reports
- Urinary incontinence (inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination): 477 reports
- Urinary retention (the inability to completely or partially empty the bladder): 551 reports
- Urinary tract infection: 1,586 reports
- Urination - excessive at night: 137 reports
- Urination - excessive volume: 132 reports
- Urination - painful: 318 reports
- Urine output decreased: 120 reports
- Urine output - decreased: 117 reports
- Urticaria (rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely): 480 reports
- Vaginal bleeding: 129 reports
- Ventricular extrasystoles (premature cardiac contraction): 151 reports
- Ventricular fibrillation (abnormally irregular heart rhythm): 139 reports
- Ventricular tachycardia (rapid heartbeat that originates in one of the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart): 214 reports
- Viral infection: 241 reports
- Vision blurred: 1,197 reports
- Visual acuity reduced (reduced clearness of vision): 325 reports
- Visual disturbance: 110 reports
- Visual impairment: 732 reports
- Weakness: 3,388 reports
- Weight decreased: 2,048 reports
- Weight increased: 1,686 reports
- Weight loss: 284 reports
- Wheezing (a high-pitched whistling sound made while you breath): 295 reports
- White blood cell count decreased: 667 reports
- White blood cell count increased: 636 reports
- Withdrawal syndrome (a discontinuation syndrome is a set of symptoms occurred due to discontinuation of substance): 1,013 reports
- Wound: 141 reports
How the study uses the data?
The study is based on zaleplon and diazepam (the active ingredients of Zaleplon and Diazepam, respectively). Other drugs that have the same active ingredients (e.g. generic drugs or brand names) are also considered. Dosage of drugs is not considered in the study.
Who is eHealthMe?
With medical big data and proven AI algorithms, eHealthMe provides a platform for everyone to run phase IV clinical trials. We study millions of patients and 5,000 more each day. Results of our real-world drug study have been referenced on 600+ medical publications, including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature. Our analysis results are available to researchers, health care professionals, patients (testimonials), and software developers (open API).
WARNING, DISCLAIMER, USE FOR PUBLICATION
WARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health.
DISCLAIMER: All material available on eHealthMe.com is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. All information is observation-only. Our phase IV clinical studies alone cannot establish cause-effect relationship. Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. Every effort has been made to ensure that all information is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. The use of the eHealthMe site and its content is at your own risk.
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